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Table 1 Descriptive statistical characteristics of the included feature

From: Machine learning-based prediction of COVID-19 mortality using immunological and metabolic biomarkers

Features: Median (IQR)

Alive Group (N=4,887)

Dead Group (N=132)

P-value

Demographic factors

 Age (years)

43(28 - 59)

83(76 - 88)

< 0.001

 Height(m)

1.61(1.54 - 1.68)

1.57(1.51 - 1.60)

0.012

 BMI(kg/M2)

25.47(22.9 - 28.04)

24.02(22.4 - 26.3)

0.119

 Weight(kg)

65.7(58.2 - 75.3)

62.8(54.4 - 70.4)

0.275

Liver function related tests:

 Alanine aminotransferase in serum or plasma ( U/L)

21 (15 - 30)

17 (12 - 25)

< 0.001

 Alkaline phosphatase in serum or plasma ( U/L)

65 (54 - 78)

77 (62 - 97)

< 0.001

 Aspartate aminotransferase in serum or plasma (U/L)

25 (21 - 34)

28 (23 - 52)

0.004

 Gamma glutamyl transferase in serum or plasma (U/L)

32 (21 - 56)

46.9 (34.8 - 108.3)

0.002

 Direct bilirubin in serum or plasma – umol/L

9.6 (6.2 - 12.0)

29.0 (18.7 - 46.9)

< 0.001

 Bilirubin in serum or plasma (umol/L)

7.6 (5.6 - 10.3)

8.0 (6.0 - 11.5)

0.214

Liver function related tests:

 Albumin in urine (mg/L)

8.35 (2.99 - 20.86)

11.31(4.44 - 16.00)

0.844

Inflammatory biomarkers:

 C reactive protein in serum or plasma (mg/L)

2.9 (1.0 - 6.4)

25.8 (6.3 - 69.5)

< 0.001

 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/hr)

21 (11 - 36)

56.5 (33.75 - 81.75)

< 0.001

Pancreas function related tests:

 Amylase in serum or plasma (U/L)

64 (51 - 81)

74 (58 - 101)

0.003

Hematological biomarkers:

 Base excess in blood (mmol/L)

-0.2 (-1.8 - 1.6)

-1.4 (-4.2 - 1.3)

0.002

 Bicarbonate in blood (mmol/L)

24.0 (21.4 - 26.3)

23.0 (19.1 - 25.1)

0.001

 Bicarbonate in serum – mmol/L

24.39 (21.87 - 26.23)

21.75 (20.04- 23.68)

0.005

 Calcium corrected for albumin in serum or plasma (mmol/L)

2.28 (2.21 - 2.34)

2.31 (2.22 - 2.38)

0.006

 Calcium in serum or plasma (mmol/L)

2.28 (2.21 - 2.36)

2.21 (2.11 - 2.33)

< 0.001

 Calcium.ionized in blood ( mmol/L)

1.11 (1.04 - 1.15)

1.10 (1.05 - 1.14)

0.816

 Carboxyhemoglobin/Hemoglobin.total in blood (%)

0.5 (0.3 - 0.9)

0.3 (0.3 - 0.3)

0.044

 Deoxyhemoglobin/Hemoglobin.total in blood (%)

3.5 (2.5 - 4.2)

3.7 (2.2 - 29.6)

0.620

 Chloride in Serum or Plasma (mmol/L)

102.0 (100.0 - 104.0)

102.9 (100.8 - 106.2)

0.020

 Carbon dioxide [Moles/volume] in Blood (mmol/L)

26.0 (23.0 - 28.5)

25.7 (20.4 - 27.0)

0.134

 Carbon dioxide [Partial pressure] in blood (kPa)

5.0 (4.3 - 5.8)

4.7 (4.1 - 5.5)

0.063

Carcinogenic biomarkers:

 Carcinoembryonic Ag in serum or plasma (ng/mL)

2.40 (1.46 - 3.70)

3.55 (2.75 - 5.30)

0.004

 Alpha-1-Fetoprotein in serum or plasma( ng/mL)

2.19 (1.65 - 2.89)

1.61 (1.33 - 1.86)

0.087

Cardiac function related tests:

 Cholesterol.in LDL in Serum or Plasma by Calculated – mmol/L

2.41 (1.89 - 3.10)

1.88 (1.40 - 2.20)

< 0.001

 Cholesterol.in HDL in serum or plasma (mmol/L)

1.2 (1.0 - 1.5)

1.2 (1.0 - 1.4)

0.543

 Cholesterol non HDL in serum or plasma (mmol/L)

3.10 (2.50 - 3.83)

2.43 (1.98 - 3.13)

< 0.001

 Cholesterol.total/Cholesterol in HDL in serum or plasma (mol/mol)

3.57 (2.91 - 4.48)

3.23 (2.57 - 3.85)

0.002

 Cholesterol in Serum or Plasma – mmol/L

4.4 (3.7 - 5.2)

3.7 (3.3 - 4.1)

< 0.001

 Troponin T.cardiac in serum or plasma (ng/L)

5.0 (3.0 - 7.1)

21.1 (8.7 - 34.9)

<0.001

Creatine kinase in serum or plasma (U/L)

81.0 (58.8 - 117.0)

90.5 (58.0 - 175.5)

0.033