Table 2 Treatments recommended in tweets for non-medical substance use are derived from identified named entities, considering those with frequencies of occurrence of over 70%

Fentanyl

Immunotherapy, Rehab, Radiation, Individual Therapy, Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy, Coercive Treatment, Detox, Group Therapy, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Medication

“Rehab is a great option for fentanyl addiction recovery”, “Individual therapy helped me cope with fentanyl withdrawal symptoms”, “Psychedelic-assisted therapy shows promise for treating fentanyl addiction”

Alprazolam

Rehab, Group Therapy, Medication, Yoga, Counseling, Family Therapy, Motivational Therapy, Emotional Behavioural Therapy, Nature Therapy

“Counseling helped me overcome anxiety without relying on alprazolam”, “Nature therapy provides a calming alternative to alprazolam”, “ I suggest that Alprazolam users should consider group therapy for support”

Adderall®

Rehab, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Trauma Therapy, Behavioral Therapy, Calming Exercises, Regenerative Therapy, Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy, Medical Supervision, Mindfulness Meditation, Aerobic Exercise Training, Breathing Treatments

“Trauma therapy is useful to address underlying issues leading to Adderall abuse”, “ We suggest mindfulness meditation to reduce stress and boost focus without Adderall”, “Aerobic exercise training can boost energy levels without Adderall”,

Morphine

Rehab, Group Therapy, Exposure Therapy, Distraction Therapy, Mindfulness Meditation, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Aerobic Exercise Training, Breathing Treatments

“For morphine addition, group therapy is a safe therapy”, “Exposure therapy can help in overcoming fears associated with morphine use”, “Aerobic exercise training is useful to increase natural endorphins and reduce reliance on morphine”