Table 1 Patient characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic study period (March 13, 2020 to December 31, 2020), by patient exposure to telemedicine

Patient N

1,017,354

57,450 (5.6%)

256,798 (25.2%)

494,676 (48.6%)

208,430 (20.5%)

Mean/SD

Mean/SD

Mean/SD

Mean/SD

Mean/SD

Age Categories

 18–34 (%)

2.6

3.7

2.2

2.0

4.4

 35–44 (%)

6.9

9.9

6.5

5.8

9.3

 45–55 (%)

16.6

20.2

16.2

15.4

19.3

 56–64 (%)

22.9

23.8

22.4

23.0

23.1

 65–74 (%)

27.7

24.0

29.0

29.2

23.3

 75–84 (%)

17.3

12.6

17.9

18.8

14.2

 85 and over (%)

6.0

5.8

5.9

5.9

6.4

Female (%)

51.9

53.0

56.3

50.4

49.7

Race/Ethnicity^a

 Hispanic (%)

3.9

3.7

4.5

3.4

4.4

 White (%)

77.5

75.1

77.3

79.8

72.8

 Black (%)

5.1

6.5

5.9

4.3

5.5

 Asian (%)

1.2

1.4

1.0

1.2

1.4

 Others (%)

12.3

13.3

11.2

11.3

15.8

Marital Status

 Divorced (%)

8.7

8.4

9.2

8.3

9.1

 Married (%)

59.0

56.6

59.4

61.7

52.7

 Never married (%)

13.6

14.0

13.0

12.8

15.9

 Widowed (%)

9.8

8.4

10.5

10.1

8.5

 Other marital status (%)

9.0

12.7

7.9

7.1

13.8

Annual median household income ($)

61,962 (20,745)

64,980 (21,449)

63,299 (20,530)

61,076 (20,464)

61,583 (21,303)]

Urbanicity of Residence

 Metropolitan (%)

76.0

83.5

81.4

73.8

72.7

 Micropolitan (%)

10.4

6.4

8.1

11.7

11.4

 Small town (%)

7.3

4.7

5.5

8.1

8.3

 Rural (%)

5.2

3.9

3.7

5.6

6.4

Insurance Type

 Commercial (%)

36.3

44.3

33.3

35.1

40.5

 Medicare (%)

54.4

46.3

57.3

56.9

47.2

 Medicaid (%)

3.4

3.1

3.8

2.8

4.5

 Dual Medicare/ Medicaid (%)

1.2

1.1

1.8

1.1

0.8

 Other (%)

4.7

5.2

3.7

4.1

6.9

Comorbidities

 Charlson comorbidity index

1.7 (2.1)

1.5 (2.0)

2.2 (2.3)

1.6 (2.0)

1.2 (1.8)

 Type 2 diabetes only (%)

7.8

7.7

6.8

7.2

10.3

 Hypertension- only (%)

67.2

68.7

63.0

68.0

70.0

 Type 2 diabetes and hypertension (%)

25.0

23.6

30.2

24.8

19.6

 Atherosclerotic CVD (%)

30.0

24.0

37.9

30.4

21.3

 Heart failure (%)

8.9

7.4

13.1

8.1

6.3

 Chronic kidney disease (%)

16.8

14.8

22.9

16.7

9.9

 Mental health illness (%)

42.8

44.4

55.6

40.5

31.8

 Obesity (%)

35.7

37.8

45.0

34.4

26.6

 Opioid use disorder (%)

2.3

2.2

3.9

1.7

1.5

Encounter Categories

 Total encounters

  0 (%)

20.5

-

-

-

100.0

  1–2 (%)

35.7

84.8

15.2

55.7

-

  3+ (%)

43.8

15.2

84.8

44.3

-

 Telemedicine encounters

  0 (%)

69.1

-

-

100.0

100.0

  1 (%)

18.2

61.5

58.4

-

-

  2+ (%)

12.7

38.5

41.6

-

-

Diabetes Treatment^b

n = 333,635

n = 17,987

n = 95,014

n = 158,172

n = 62,462

 No diabetes prescriptions (%)

29.9

28.7

22.4

28.0

46.1

 Diabetes treated, non-insulin only (%)

45.2

46.5

46.6

49.2

32.7

 Diabetes treated, insulin +/- other Rx (%)

24.9

24.8

31.0

22.7

21.2

Hypertension Treatment

 No hypertension (%)

7.8

7.7

6.8

7.2

10.3

 Hypertension-treated (%)

75.8

75.6

83.5

79.5

57.43

 No hypertension prescriptions (%)

16.4

16.8

9.6

13.3

32.3