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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics, and user experience comparison between CHD and TD children

From: Playing for cognition: investigating the feasibility and user experience of a virtual reality serious game for cognitive assessment in children with congenital heart disease

 

CHD

(n = 51)

TD

(n = 47)

P

Age, years, Mean (SD)

11.20 (1.28)

11.00 (.72)

.34

Sex, male (%)

64.7

38.3

.01**

Age first surgery, days, Median (IQR)

4, 61

  

Number surgeries, Mean (SD)

2.41 (1.38)

  

Diagnosis, N (%)

 Transposition of the Great Vessels

9 (20.0)

  

   + Ventricular Septal Defect

3 (6.7)

  

   + Pulmonary Stenosis

1 (2. 2)

  

 Atrioventricular Septal Defect

5 (11.1)

  

 Tricuspid Atresia

5 (11.1)

  

 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

4 (8. 9)

  

 Tetralogy of Fallot

4 (8.9)

  

 Othera

14 (31.1)

  

Gaming, hours, Mean (SD)

1.40 (.97)

1.74 (1.71)

.92

User experienceb

 Engagement (0 – 15), Mean (SD)

11.43 (3.48)

13.96 (1.43)

 

  Adjusted Mean (SE)

11.32 (.48)

14.12 (.60)

 < .001**

 Transportation (0 – 15), Mean (SD)

10.46 (3.61)

12.35 (3.27)

 

  Adjusted Mean (SE)

10.56 (.59)

12.20 (.73)

.090

 Flow (0 – 15), Mean (SD)

9.91 (3.19)

12.04 (1.82)

 

  Adjusted Mean (SE)

9.99 (.47)

11.93 (.58)

.012*

 Presence (0 – 15), Mean (SD)

5.91 (2.73)

7.39 (2.29)

 

  Adjusted Mean (SE)

5.93 (.44)

7.37 (.55)

.047*

 Side effects (0 – 15), Mean (SD)

4.34 (3.70)

6.43 (4.35)

 

  Adjusted Mean (SE)

4.42 (.68)

6.31 (.84)

.090

  1. aAnomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery, Aortic Coarctation, Congenital Aortic Stenosis, Congenital complete A-V block, Double Outlet Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect, Single Ventricle Heart, Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return, Ventricular Septal Defect
  2. b58 children completed user experience questionnaire (35 children with CHD; 23 TD children)
  3. *p < .05, **p < .01